職能治療師在臨床上可以觀察到自閉症類群障礙症兒童有感覺處理方面的困難，其行為表現對其日常生活、學校、社區參與有許多負面影響。在這篇文獻回顧中，將探討自閉症類群障礙症兒童在感覺處理方面的困難，提出其神經生理學方面的異常證據，並探討感覺處理困難及其衍生出的相關行為對其生活參與、家庭與學習的影響。研究發現自閉症類群障礙症兒童有很高的比例出現各類感覺處理的困難，包括過度敏感以及反應不足，其中又以反應不足的感覺處理模式和一般孩童差異最大且比例最高。目前神經生理學方面研究也已經支持自閉症類群障礙症兒童在聽覺、觸覺及視覺的感覺處理有異常，但是仍需要更詳細的神經學機制相關研究佐證。而自閉症類群障礙症兒童的感覺處理困難也和日常生活作息以及學業表現有相關。建議未來研究可以針對各類感覺處理問題之分類與發展有效的介入方式，更深入探討感覺處理的神經學作用機制及介入成效。

Occupational therapists can observe some children with autism spectrum disorders who have sensory processing difficulties. These difficulties negatively affect their daily lives, school participation, and community participation. In this literature review, we summarized that how frequent children with autism spectrum disorders experienced a wide range of difficulties in sensory processing and proposed evidence of abnormal neurophysiological aspects of sensory processing difficulties. Then we explored how difficulties in sensory processing and its related behaviors affect their participation in daily living and learning. The results indicated that a high proportion of children with autism spectrum disorders have various types of sensory processing difficulties, including over-responsiveness and under-responsiveness. Children with autism spectrum disorders had a high proportion of under-response patterns. The findings have been supported by abnormal neurophysiological evidence in auditory, tactile, and visual sensory processing of children with autism spectrum disorders. However, future detailed studies are needed to explore the neural mechanisms. The results also indicated that difficulties in sensory processing were related to participation in daily living and learning. Future research may investigate the classifications of sensory processing difficulties and develop the effective intervention. More empirical studies examining the neural mechanisms and efficacy are needed.