目的：共同職能(co-occupation) 是社會互動性相當高的一種職能。本文回顧文獻裡對共同職能的論述與相關實證研究，並針對研究趨勢、共同職能的型態、功能與意義進行深入的討論，期望能夠增進職能治療師與職能科學研究者對共同職能的了解。最後提供給未來研究的建議。方法：經由六個資料庫，及七個職能治療與職能科學相關的電子期刊，以cooccupation為關鍵字搜尋。自1996 年至2012 年止，共得12 篇原創性文獻。結果：早期研究主要關注母嬰遊戲，近期開始重視不同的共同職能及族群。文獻探討的共同職能包括日照中心的活動、新生兒加護病房或家中的母嬰活動、親子教養活動、「Yahtzee」線上遊戲、與照顧活動等。結論：本文以職能公義(occupational justice) 的觀點檢視結果。特定族群如中風個案、發展障礙兒童與成人，需要透過他人的共同從事來獲得有意義的職能經驗。職能治療師可協助維護特定族群融入共同職能的機會和權利。未將共同從事活動的個體納入研究對象，偏重探討單方對共同職能的想法與經驗無法突顯共同職能的特質。未來需要更多研究探討有別於親子活動的共同職能，也應將互動雙方納入研究對象考量。職能治療師可將職能公義的概念融入臨床推理與治療計畫的擬定。

Objective: Co-occupation involves a high level of social interaction. This article reviews existing theoretical papers and empirical research on co-occupation, analyzes the findings by the units of analysis as well as form, function, and meaning of co-occupation. This review contributes to the understanding of co-occupation and provides suggestions for future research. Methods: Twelve peer-reviewed articles were located with a keyword search of co-occupation in six electronic databases and seven occupational therapy and occupational science electronic journals between the years of 1996-2012. Results: Early scholarly works focused on mother-infant play. Other cooccupations and groups of participants have become the topic of exploration within recent years. Co-occupations were examined in the contexts of day care programs, parent-child activity in neonatal intensive care units and at home, an on-line game Yahtzee , or spouse caregiving. Conclusion: The review adopted the lens of occupational justice to further examine the meanings of co-occupation. Specific populations, such as stroke survivors, and children or adults with developmental disabilities, often require others co-participation to experience meaningful occupations. Occupational therapists can advocate for the rights and opportunities of these vulnerable groups of people to engage in cooccupations. The exclusive emphasis on the perspective of only one participant and not including the perspectives of all participants, in co-occupational experiences also limits a comprehensive understanding of co-occupation. More research to explore co-occupations other than parent-child occupations is needed. The research can also include the perspectives of all participants. Occupational justice can become an integral aspect of clinical reasoning and interventions.